Chapter 6
The Burnt-Offering, the Sin -
and
Trespass-
Offering, and the Peace-Offering
'And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the s ame sacrifices,
which can never take away sins: but this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins
for ever, sat down on the right hand of God.'--Hebrews 10:11, 12
The Idea of Substitution
The question whether or not sacrifices were to cease after the coming of the Messiah is
differently answered in the Jewish synagogue, some arguing that only thank- and
peace-offerings would then be brought, while the majority expect a revival of the regular
sacrificial worship. 48
But on one point the authoritie s of the old synagogue, previous to their controversy
with Christianity, are agreed. As the Old Testament and Jewish tradition taught that the
object of a sacrifice was its substitution for the offender, so Scripture and the Jewish
fathers also teach that the substitute to whom all these types pointed was none other
than the Messiah.
It has been well remarked, that the difficulties of modern interpreters of the Messianic
prophecies arise chiefly from their not perceiving the unity of the Old Testament in its
progressive unfolding of the plan of salvation. Moses must not be read independently
of the Psalms, nor yet the Psalms independently of the Prophets. Theirs are not so many
unconnected writings of different authorship and age, only held together by the boards
of one volume. They form integral parts of one whole, the object of which is to point to
the goal of all revelation in the appearing of the Christ. Accordingly, we recognize in the
prophetic word, not a change nor a difference, but three well-marked progressive stages,
leading up to the sufferings and the glory of Messiah. In the Proto-Evangel, as Genesis
3:15 has been called, and in what follows it, we have as yet only the grand general
outlines of the figure. Thus we see a Person in the Seed of the woman; suffering, in the
prediction that His heel would be bruised; and victory, in that He would bruise the
serpent's head. These merely general outlines are wonderfully filled up in the Book of
Psalms. The 'Person' is now 'the Son of David'; while alike the sufferings and the victory
are sketched in vivid detail in such Psalms as 22, 35, 49, and 102; or else in Psalms 2, 72,
89, 110, and 118--not to speak of other almost innumerable allusions.
Christ our Substitute
One element only was still wanting--that this Son of David, this Sufferer and
Conqueror, should be shown to be our Substitute, to whom also the sacrificial types had
pointed. This is added in the writings of the prophets, especially in those of Isaiah,
culminating, as it were, in Isaiah 53, around which the details furnished by the other
prophets naturally group themselves. The picture is now completed, and so true to the
original that, when compared with the reality in the Person and Work of the Lord Jesus
Christ, we can have no difficulty in recognising it; and this not so much from one or
other outline in prophecy or type, as from their combination and progressive
development throughout the Scriptures of the Old Testament, considered as a
connected whole.