were narrow, were paved with white marble. A somewhat elevated footway ran along for

the use of those who had newly been purified in the Temple, while the rest walked in the

roadway below. The streets derived their names mostly from the gates to which they led,

or from the various bazaars. Thus there were 'Water-street,' 'Fish-street,' 'East-street,' etc.

The 'Timber Bazaar' and that of the 'Tailors' were in the New City; the Grand Upper

Market on Mount Zion. Then there were the 'Wool' and the 'Braziers' Bazaar'; 'Baker-

street,' 'Butcher-street,' 'Strangers'-street,' and many others similarly named. Nor would it

have been difficult to identify the most prominent buildings in the city. At the north-

western angle of Mount Zion, the ancient Salem and Jebus, on the site of the castle of

David, was the grand palace of Herod, generally occupied by the Roman procurators

during their temporary sojourn in Jerusalem. It stood high up, just within shelter of the

great towers which Herod had reared--a marvel of splendour, of whose extent, strength,

height, rooms, towers, roofs, porticoes, courts, and adjacent gardens Josephus speaks

in such terms of admiration.

At the opposite, or north-eastern corner of Mount Zion, was the palace of the High-

priest. Being built on the slope of the hill, there was under the principal apartments a

lower story, with a porch in front, so that we can understand how on that eventful night

Peter was 'beneath in the palace.' (Mark 14:66) Beyond it, probably on the slope of Acra,

was the Repository of the Archives, and on the other side of the cleft, abutting on the

Temple, with which it was probably connected by a colonnade, the Council Chamber of

the Sanhedrim. Following the eastern brow of Mount Zion, south of the High-priest's

palace, and opposite the Temple, was the immense Xystus, which probably extended

into the Tyropoeon. Whatever may have been its original purpose, 6 it was afterwards

used as a place of public meetings, where, on great occasions, the populace was

Here Peter probably addressed the three thousand converts on the day of Pentecost

when the multitude had hurried thither from the Temple on hearing 'the mighty rushing

sound.' The Xystus was surrounded by a covered colonnade. Behind it was the palace

of Agrippa, the ancient palace of David and of the Maccabees, and again, in the rear of

it, that of Bernice. On Acra stood afterwards the palaces of certain foreign princes, such

as those of Queen Helena, King Monobasus, and other proselytes. In this quarter, or

even beyond it to the north-west, one would naturally look for the Theatre and the

Amphitheatre, which, being so essentially un-Jewish, must have been located as far as

possible from the Temple. The space around the Temple was no doubt kept clear of

buildings. On the south-eastern corner behind it was the great Sheep Market, and to the

south of it the Hippodrome. Originally, the king's house by the horse-gate, built by

Solomon, and the royal stables, had occupied the southern area of the Temple Mount,

where Herod afterwards built the 'Royal Porch.' For the Temple of Solomon was 300 feet

shorter, from north to south, than that of Herod. Transversely, between Xystus and the

Fish Gate, lay the quarter of Maktesh, (Zeph 1:10,11) occupied by various bazaars,

chiefly connected with the Temple. Lastly, south of the Temple, but on the same hill,

was Ophel, the crowded suburb of the priests.

Such must have been a first view of Jerusalem, as 'beheld' from the Mount of Olives, on

which we are supposed to have taken our stand. If Jewish tradition on the subject may

be trusted, a gate opened upon this Mount of Olives through the eastern wall of the

Temple. 7