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CITIZENSHIP
93
that he was at the same time `a citizen of no mean city' (Acts 21:39) namely of Tarsus, and above this, a Roman
`born free' (Acts 22:28), where it must be remembered that the word `freedom' used by the Roman captain is
politeia, the same word that is translated `commonwealth' in Ephesians 2:12. It is evident that before we can use the
word `citizenship' without ambiguity we must know what `city' is in view. Before discussing this feature, we will
provide a concordance to all the derivatives of polis `city' that are found in the New Testament.
Politeuo
`I have lived in all good conscience' (Acts 23:1).
`Let your conversation be as it becometh' (Phil. 1:27).
Politeuma
`For our conversation is in heaven' (Phil. 3:20).
Politeia
`With a great sum obtained I this freedom' (Acts 22:28).
`Aliens from the commonwealth of Israel' (Eph. 2:12).
Polites
`Joined himself to a citizen' (Luke 15:15).
`But his citizens hated him' (Luke 19:14).
`A citizen of no mean city' (Acts 21:39).
Sumpolites
`Fellow citizens with the saints' (Eph. 2:19).
The cities mentioned in the New Testament are many, Jerusalem, Capernaum, Lystra, Derbe, Damascus, the
heavenly Jerusalem, and Rome, come at once to the mind. Jerusalem is called `the holy city' (Matt. 4:5) and the city
of the great king (Matt. 5:35). Christ was born in Bethlehem, `the city of David' (Luke 2:11), but it is evident that
the citizenship which is spoken of in the epistles is something higher than anything these could offer. In the epistle
to the Hebrews and in the book of the Revelation, the heavenly Jerusalem is dominant, and it is in Hebrews, that we
read `here we have no continuing city but we seek one to come' (Heb. 13:14). The heavenly city is associated with
Abraham, and is called Mount Sion. The description given of this city in Revelation 21, links it with the heavenly
calling of the people of Israel. The twelve gates bear the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. The twelve
foundations bear the names of the twelve apostles, as distinct from the order of apostles given by the ascended
Christ spoken of in Ephesians 4 (see article on APOSTLE p. 82). This city is called `The Bride' and `the Lamb's
Wife', and cannot be confused with the church of the one Body which is the `perfect man' (see article THE BRIDE
AND THE BODY p. 125).
Weymouth's translation of Philippians 3:20 reads:
`We, however, are free citizens of heaven'.
The R.V. reads `For our citizenship is in heaven', with a marginal note `commonwealth'.
A Gentile `in the flesh' could not belong to the commonwealth of Israel, and in the spirit he has a citizenship in
heaven, to which Israel would be a stranger. The citizenship open to believers today is not associated with
Abraham, for he is never once mentioned in the Prison Epistles. Here there is no city bearing the names of the
twelve tribes of Israel, for Israel and its hope is never mentioned in the Prison Epistles. Here is no city, resting upon
the foundation of the twelve apostles, for Peter, James, John and the rest have no place in these Prison Epistles. It is
a citizenship in complete harmony with the calling of the Mystery, which associates the believer with heavenly
places where Christ sits at the right hand of God, and unlike the holy city, the New Jerusalem, will never be seen
descending out of heaven to the earth, neither will it ever change its status of the perfect man, for that of the Bride.
The introduction of politeuma in Philippians 3 is not so much to teach positive truth as to exhort those who
belonged to the high calling of God to comport themselves accordingly. The Philippians were in a peculiar position
to enable them to appreciate this exhortation. Philippi was a `colony' (Acts 16:12), free citizens of Rome, but living
away from Rome itself, and Moffatt's version reads suggestively here, `But we are a colony of heaven', which has
the advantage of including both the idea of citizenship and the idea of the Roman colony, and at the same time
taking our eyes off the Heavenly Jerusalem which is never at any time associated with the idea of a colony. So the
Philippians were free citizens of heavenly places, but living here on earth for the time being. Let us who realize our
high and holy calling remember that we are indeed `citizens of no mean city' and seek grace to act accordingly.