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CHRONOLOGY
ACTS
EPISTLES
84
OF
AND
a case in point. He was a Hebrew, a Tarsian, and a Roman. Would anyone set out to debate as to whether Tarsus
was in Italy or Rome in Cilicia?
Young's Analytical Concordance (New Edition) no longer shows Galatia according to its national limitations,
but shows the larger Province of Galatia extending southward to include Derbe, Lystra, and Iconium, which had
hitherto been contained in Lycaonia: so also does an Atlas illustrating the Acts of the Apostles and Epistles
published by S. Philip & Sons, in 1914.
It will be seen from this transition and change, that the simple question, `Where is Galatia?' does not admit of a
simple answer. It will be also evident that the question is removed from purely Scriptural exposition, to that of arch
-ology and history. Quoting from The Times:
`Professor W. M. Ramsay is the greatest living authority on the geography of Asia Minor, and the historical and
arch -ological questions associated with its study'.
Whatever theological opinions the Professor may hold, it is surely right to hear him in this province so peculiarly
his own. And as to the theological side, the Professor approached the study believing that the Acts of the Apostles
was written some 200 years later than Paul's lifetime: he concluded it by believing that Luke was the writer during
the lifetime of the apostle. In other words, his investigation disproved Higher Criticism, and proved the Bible. This
is decidedly encouraging.
It will be superfluous to use quotation marks in this article, for where Prof. Ramsay or his critics are not quoted,
some of the expressions are bound to be reminiscent of the writings of others. Those who wish to pursue the theme
more fully than can be undertaken here are recommended to the various bulky volumes from Prof. Ramsay's pen,
the able book by Mr. Askwith, and the commentary of Kirslop Lake.
Returning to the question: `Where is Galatia?' and what is the meaning of the differing maps, we reply: `The
small district marked on the old maps as Galatia is the kingdom of Galatia.' The larger area including the cities
visited in Acts 13 and 14 is the Roman Province of that name. To understand more fully the subject before us, we
must bear in mind that there were three classes of states in Asia Minor:
1. Countries incorporated in the Empire
in which law was administered by a
Roman Governor.
2. Countries connected with Rome by an
Included in
agreement or alliance, the terms of
the conception
which were expressed by treaty,
of the
i.e., Client States according to
Roman world.
the usual and convenient expression,
among which the chief were Galatia
and Cappadocia.
3. States in no formal and recognized
relations with Rome, especially Pontus
Enemies.
and the Isaurian Pirates.
The Roman range of authority and action in any foreign land constituted a Provincia. Strabo shows the policy of
the Romans regarding the question of small kings and Roman governors. Where the character of the people was
unruly, and the nature of the country made rebellion and lawlessness easy, kings with their own standing army were
placed in authority, but step by step, and district by district, these countries were incorporated in the adjacent Roman
Provinces, as a certain degree of discipline and civilization was imparted to the population by these kings, who built
cities and introduced the Gr -co-Roman customs and education.
As the above paragraph is appreciated, the changing of the map, and the enlarging of the borders of Galatia the
Kingdom to Galatia the Province, will be understood. For convenience of reference, we divide the existing teaching
on the subject into two views:
(1) The North Galatia view.